What is a key characteristic of ADHD?

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is primarily characterized by patterns of inattention, impulsivity, and, at times, hyperactivity. Individuals with ADHD often struggle to maintain attention in tasks or play, which is a fundamental aspect of the attention deficit component. Impulsivity manifests as difficulties in waiting for turns, interrupting others, or making hasty decisions without considering the consequences. These characteristics can lead to challenges in various settings, such as school or home, affecting the individual's academic performance and social interactions.

The other options reflect common misconceptions or traits that may not accurately represent ADHD. While some individuals may exhibit extreme focus on specific tasks (often referred to as hyperfocus), this is not a universal trait of ADHD. Overachievement in academic performance is not characteristic of ADHD either; many individuals with this condition may struggle academically due to their attentional challenges. Severe anxiety in social situations can occur but is not an inherent characteristic of ADHD itself, as it relates more to social anxiety disorders rather than the attention and impulse control issues central to ADHD. Thus, attention deficit and impulsivity are the core characteristics that define this disorder.