ORELA Special Education (SPED )Practice Exam

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• What is an aspect of visual efficacy that involves locating and fixing on objects?
• What are alternative assessments primarily designed for?
• What is the purpose of tertiary intervention?
• What year was the Javits Gifted and Talented Education Act established?
• What aspect does a Communication process largely emphasize?
• What does mediated scaffolding refer to in educational approaches?
• How is autism defined according to IDEA?
• What is the primary function of the tympanic membrane?
• What does self-management involve in the context of behavioral interventions?
• Which behavior is characterized by a pattern of persistent and repetitive actions?
• What describes loss of hearing that affects a child's educational performance but does not qualify as deafness?
• What is the purpose of a Manifest Determination?
• In children with autism, why might half of the individuals be mute?
• Which condition is commonly associated with speech impairments?
• What does FAPE stand for in the context of special education?
• What was the key ruling in the Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children vs. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania case?
• What is the primary understood cause of Autism?
• What type of disease is cystic fibrosis?
• In terms of ASD placements, what percentage corresponds to resource room settings?
• Which method assists individuals who cannot communicate effectively through speech or writing?
• What percentage of special education students have communication disorders?
• Which of the following is considered a type of hearing loss?
• What type of feedback is most appropriate during the acquisition stage of learning a skill?
• Which groups are often noted for disproportionate representation in special education?
• What is a common intervention strategy for students diagnosed with ADHD?
• Which of the following is the percentage of students with ASD placed in separate classrooms?
• What is a characteristic behavior of stereotypy?
• What is a Phoneme?
• Stuttering is characterized by which of the following?
• What must the IEP team conduct within 60 days after a request for evaluation?
• Self-evaluation compares a student’s performance with what?
• What types of support are typically provided as accommodations in testing for special education students?
• What is the purpose of the CHAT Checklist for Autism in Toddlers?
• How does IDEA 2004 address disciplinary procedures for students with disabilities?
• What is the main focus of pragmatics in the study of language?
• What does an Individualized Health Care Plan (IHCP) typically include?
• Cochlear implants primarily assist individuals with what type of hearing issue?
• In which educational setting do students typically receive special education and related services within a 24-hour facility?
• Cognitive functioning issues in individuals with intellectual disability may include difficulty in which area?
• What defines an impairment in terms of physical function?
• What does the three-tier system in response to intervention focus on?
• What is echolalia?
• Which condition is characterized by issues with movement due to dysfunction in the central nervous system?
• Which setting indicates that a student spends less than 40% inside a regular classroom?
• The concept of "primed background knowledge" is important for:
• Which communication approach is especially important for deaf culture?
• Which of the following is NOT included in specific learning disabilities?
• What is formative evaluation primarily used for?
• What is the primary purpose of Systematic Screening for Behavioral Disorders (SSBD)?
• What is chorionic villi sampling primarily used for?
• Which assessment focuses on analyzing the context of problematic behavior through observation?
• Which term is used to describe the rules for meaningful arrangement of words and phrases?
• What is the prevalence of ADHD among school-age students?
• In terms of adaptive behavior, which of the following is a common challenge for individuals with intellectual disabilities?
• Which characteristic is NOT typically associated with schizophrenia in the context of emotional disturbance?
• What is congenital hearing loss?
• What is the primary communication challenge for individuals who are hard of hearing?
• What does the term "comorbidity" imply in the context of learning disabilities?
• How does the practice stage of learning differ from the acquisition stage?
• What are the rules for arranging words into sentences called?
• What is a common secondary factor associated with speech and language disorders?
• Which of the following settings is defined as a separate classroom?
• What is the function of a cochlear implant?
• Phonemic awareness refers to:
• Which of the following is NOT one of the focuses of an IEP?
• What does an IEP statement regarding the extent of participation in non-disabled classes address?
• What is required under the accountability measures of the No Child Left Behind Act?
• In assessing behaviors, how is the Child Behavior Checklist administered?
• What social skill do typically developing children show that is often absent in children with autism?
• What is the purpose of amniocentesis?
• Which term describes the smallest elements of language that carry meaning?
• What is the focus of special education as an instructional approach?
• What is the purpose of a norm-referenced test?
• What type of communication method includes oral speech combined with sign language?
• Which type of hearing impairment involves a problem with the conduction of sound vibrations to the inner ear?
• What is a common internalized behavior shown by children with emotional disturbance?
• What does speechreading involve?
• What was determined in the Timothy W vs. Rochester School District case?
• What percentage of intellectual disabilities are attributed to genetic causes?
• What type of disorder is characterized by impaired comprehension and/or use of spoken language?
• What is the purpose of curriculum-based measurement?
• What is the typical percentage of time a student receiving services in a resource room spends in a regular classroom?
• What does a fluency disorder primarily involve?
• How is a disability characterized?
• What best describes spina bifida?
• What percentage of children with Communication Disorders (CD) are typically placed in general education?
• Intellectual disability is characterized by significantly subaverage functioning. What is a key factor that must be considered in this diagnosis?
• How is a voice disorder characterized?
• Which of the following is a characteristic of childhood disintegrative disorder?
• Which term refers to paralysis of only the legs?
• What is the primary intention of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act regarding funding?
• In which stage of learning does the student develop fluency with a skill?
• How does an adverse early rearing environment contribute to emotional disturbance?
• What is the primary purpose of a token economy in special education?
• Which service is described as targeting small groups for secondary prevention?
• What is the primary focus of primary intervention in special education?
• What is essential for a multifactored evaluation in determining special education eligibility?
• Which technique focuses on integrating various strategies for individuals with communication difficulties?
• What condition results in a congenital split in the palate and excessive nasal quality of the voice?
• Which type of impairment significantly affects a child's performance due to congenital anomalies or other causes?
• Which principle emphasizes multiple means of engagement in Universal Design for Learning?
• Which act expanded services to preschool children aged 3-5?
• Which of the following is NOT a type of speech impairment?
• Which of the following is characterized by speech disorders caused by neuromuscular impairments?
• What is a key characteristic of ADHD?
• What type of instruction is provided through IDEA to support movement and guidance for children with visual impairments?
• What instructional element refers to the amount of time spent on instruction?
• Which condition is least likely associated with paralysis of the lower limbs?
• What is the primary purpose of respite care for families of children with disabilities?
• Quadriplegia is defined as:
• In ABC recording, what does the "A" represent?
• What is the term for the loss or impairment of the ability to process and use language?
• What best describes an articulation disorder?
• Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of emotional disturbance?
• In the context of a Functional Behavioral Assessment, what is positive reinforcement?
• In Facilitated Communication, who provides physical support to the student?
• What is one characteristic of autism related to social interactions?
• What is the prevalence of communication disorders in school-age children?
• Which body systems are primarily affected by cystic fibrosis?
• Which element is NOT part of the intensity of instruction?
• Which of the following is one of the two most common genetic causes of intellectual disabilities?
• What is the primary challenge faced by individuals with dysarthria?
• What is the focus of the principle of Least Restrictive Environment within IDEA?
• What percentage of school-age children are estimated to show signs of emotional disturbance?
• Which of the following describes ataxia?
• What does a bilingual-bicultural approach strive to achieve?
• What does Phonology govern in a language?
• What is the purpose of pre-referral intervention in general education classrooms?
• What does the term 'handicap' refer to?
• What is a characteristic feature of the symptoms of cystic fibrosis?
• What percentage of students with hearing loss are placed in general education settings?
• How does Discrete Trial Training assist in the learning process?
• Which of the following behaviors is considered an externalized behavior of emotional disturbance?
• Which syndrome is associated with a chromosomal anomaly affecting males more severely?
• What is a common characteristic in how individuals with intellectual disabilities learn?
• What does ADHD primarily affect in individuals?
• What is the miscarriage rate associated with chorionic villi sampling?
• What condition is characterized by limited strength, vitality, or alertness and negatively impacts academic performance?
• Which behavioral aspect is commonly affected in individuals with autism?
• Which type of relationships are most affected in children with emotional disturbance?
• What distinguishes Discrete Trial Training from ABA?
• What does neuromotor impairment affect?
• What type of impairment results from a physical condition adversely affecting academic performance?
• Which of the following is a biological cause of emotional disturbance?
• In which educational environment do students receive instruction outside of a traditional classroom setting but within a daycare facility?
• Which aspect of temperament refers to a person's ability to manage stress?
• What is one manifestation of specific learning disabilities?
• How would one categorize the comorbidity rates associated with ADHD?
• What did the Stuart vs. Nappi case address?
• What might cause language disorders in children?
• What kind of interventions are primarily focused on for students showing no/little response in Tier 3?
• Secondary intervention is aimed at which group of students?
• What do group contingencies in a behavioral program focus on?
• What aspect of health does an IHCP emphasize for students with chronic conditions?
• Which statement describes a chronic condition?
• What kind of behaviors might cause property destruction in children with autism?
• Children who can use their hearing to understand speech with the help of an aid are typically referred to as what?
• What is a seizure disorder commonly referred to as?
• Which health professional is often involved in creating an IHCP?
• Which of the following is NOT a cause of learning disabilities?
• What percentage of the special education population is affected by health impairment?
• What does Assistive Technology refer to in the context of special education?
• What type of instruction is usually required for individuals with intellectual disabilities in relation to adaptive behavior?
• What purpose do Social Stories serve for students with ASD?
• How does the concept of Universal Design influence product and service delivery?
• What is the scoring method for the Childhood Autism Rating Scale?
• Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of ADHD?
• What encompasses oral production of language?
• What factor is NOT considered in an IEP?
• How many percent of individuals with cerebral palsy are diagnosed with mild to severe intellectual disabilities?
• Which group primarily decides on the use of alternative assessments?
• What constitutes the remaining hearing of a person who is classified as deaf?
• What type of classroom setting is least utilized for students with ASD?
• Who are typically included as members of an IEP team?
• What age group does the Child Behavior Checklist cover?
• Which condition is often associated with neurological impairment due to events like stroke or head injury?
• Which of the following describes the IEP factor related to assistive technology?
• What does the term "audiometric zero" refer to?
• What type of intellectual functioning is commonly seen in the majority of children with autism?
• What percentage of special education students was reported to have severe hearing loss?
• Why is it important to have an IHCP for students with specific health conditions?
• Negative reinforcement in behavioral terms refers to what?
• Who typically completes the Social Communication Questionnaire?
• What is the purpose of the Nondiscriminatory Evaluation principle of IDEA?
• What percentage of special education students are reported to be deaf?
• How often does the Elementary and Secondary Education Act require reauthorization?
• Which of the following best explains the role of positive reinforcement in ABA?
• Adaptive behavior includes which of the following?
• Which of the following strategies assists students in distinguishing between old and new information?
• Which term refers to the sensory capability primarily associated with hearing?
• What type of condition has severe symptoms that are limited in duration?
• What is the least restrictive environment in special education?
• What proportion of students with emotional disturbance typically drop out of high school?
• Which aspect of language is concerned with the social use of language?
• What is a common symptom of athetosis in individuals with cerebral palsy?
• What percentage of time does a student in a regular classroom spend inside such an environment?
• Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of learning disabilities?
• What was the significance of the Armstrong vs. Kline case?
• What type of gap must exist to meet the criteria for learning disability?
• Which of the following disorders is considered a specific learning disability?
• Which condition is characterized as a disorder of voluntary movement?
• Which characteristic is typically associated with expressive language disorder?
• What is a primary characteristic of visual efficacy?
• Which of the following best describes 'joint attention' in development?
• What does normalization in special education emphasize?
• What is essential for understanding spoken language in those who are hard of hearing?
• What defines dyslexia in the context of learning disabilities?
• What characterizes a petit mal seizure?
• What is a phonological disorder?
• Judicious review in educational contexts involves:
• What does the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) ensure?
• What is the purpose of Functional Analysis in behavioral assessment?
• What does a functional curriculum help students to achieve?
• What is the primary goal of the three principles of Universal Design for Learning?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the six major principles of IDEA?
• What significant goal was set by the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001?
• What was the outcome of the Board of Education of the Hendrick Hudson Central School District vs. Rowley case?
• What is the cochlea primarily responsible for in the hearing process?
• What does the principle of Procedural Safeguards emphasize within IDEA?
• What is a common characteristic of conductive hearing impairment?
• In which of the following settings would a student typically receive services at home due to illness or other challenges?
• How many items does the Social Communication Questionnaire consist of?
• What does the Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale (BERS) assess?
• What does immediacy of feedback in intensity of instruction refer to?
• Individuals with intellectual disabilities often struggle with which of the following?
• What is the ultimate goal of creating a Behavioral Intervention Plan (BIP)?
• What does inclusion in special education entail?
• What is the effect of sensory hearing impairment?
• What type of assessment involves direct observation of problem behaviors in natural circumstances?
• What behavior is described as pica?
• What role does a cultural interpreter play in the context of education?
• What does ASL stand for?
• According to research, what percentage of students with special education services for another disability also receive communication services?
• Postlingual hearing loss refers to hearing loss that occurs:
• What is the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire used for?
• What type of hearing loss occurs after the development of language?
• Which characteristic is NOT typically associated with autism?
• Which of the following describes a potential cause of visual impairments?
• According to prevalence statistics, how many students are identified with learning disabilities?
• What is a common academic achievement issue faced by students with emotional disturbance?
• Which important act extends the provisions of the Section 504 Act to the private sector?
• What type of seizure is known as 'grand mal'?
• What is the purpose of screening in relation to emotional disturbance?
• Which approach incorporates both ASL and English?
• What is the primary characteristic of Down syndrome?
• According to placement statistics for students with Emotional Disturbance (ED), which setting has the highest percentage?
• What is the purpose of an Individualized Family Services Plan (IFSP)?
• Which of the following encompasses oral speech, sign language, and fingerspelling?
• How does Universal Design aim to support individuals with disabilities?
• What important decision came from the Honig vs. Doe case?
• What are some common behavioral issues exhibited by individuals with intellectual disabilities?
• What impact does Fragile X syndrome have on individuals?
• What is compensatory intervention designed to achieve?
• What is meant by phonological awareness?
• Which component is necessary in an Individualized Education Program (IEP) for students with behavioral issues?
• What characterizes prelingual hearing loss?
• What is classified as an impairment in the ability to receive, send, process, and comprehend language?
• What is Language primarily defined as?
• What is the significance of the year 1990 in relation to special education law?
• What key ruling does Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 address?
• What developmental issue occurs in children with a cleft palate, affecting their speech?
• Cued speech is a method that involves:
• What distinguishes Asperger syndrome from other forms of autism?
• What type of items does a person with pica consume?
• What key concept does Universal Design for Learning promote?
• Which of the following is a symptom associated with hypertonia?
• Which type of hearing loss occurs after birth?
• What is the focus of syntax in language?
• In what unit is the intensity or loudness of sound measured?
• What does semantics refer to in linguistics?
• What does a Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA) aim to identify?
• Which of the following is a common cause of visual impairments?
• Which of the following describes language tailored for different purposes and audiences?
• What percentage of intellectual disabilities is attributed to unknown causes?
• What is the definition of a person with a disability according to legal standards?
• Which term describes a hearing loss so severe that it impairs the processing of linguistic information?
• Which type of intervention is primarily preventative in nature?
• Which demographic group is more likely to experience hearing loss according to statistics?
• Which case established that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal?
• What is the primary focus of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)?
• What defines a dialect in terms of language use?
• What is the estimated prevalence of Autism?
• What describes hypotonia?
• What role does the auditory canal play in the hearing process?
• What is the focus of Indirect Functional Behavioral Assessment?
• What occurs during self-monitoring?
• What aspect of early intervention is highlighted in the IFSP?
• What percentage of students with blindness are placed in general education settings?
• What type of movement may be observed in individuals with ADHD?
• What type of additions do accommodations provide for special education students during testing?
• What is essential in the process of Communication?
• Which statement correctly describes one of the main challenges faced by children with ADHD?
• What does the Childhood Autism Rating Scale assess?
• What is the primary goal of remedial intervention in special education?
• Which educational approach emphasizes teaching big ideas and concepts?
• What criterion indicates a significant need for special education services in learning disabilities?
• Which group is predominantly affected by communication disorders?
• What does cluttering involve?
• What part of the ear is visibly referred to as the auricle?
• Which principle of IDEA mandates that all students must be educated?
• Which range of IQ scores is classified as mild intellectual disability?
• Which type of hearing loss is characterized by damage to the nerve pathways from the inner ear to the brain?
• What methodology is often included in self-management strategies?
• Which type of seizure is characterized by a brief period of purposeless activity?
• Which placement setting has the highest percentage for students with hearing loss?
• Which therapy for autism has been proven ineffective?
• What landmark law was enacted in 1975, providing funding for special education?