What is the primary characteristic of Down syndrome?

The primary characteristic of Down syndrome is indeed related to a chromosomal anomaly, specifically the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21, which leads to various developmental challenges and physical features. While it's true that individuals with Down syndrome often experience some form of intellectual disability, this aspect captures a fundamental part of the condition's impact on cognitive development.

Individuals with Down syndrome typically show a range of intellectual functioning, often categorized as moderate to severe disability, impacting their learning abilities and adaptive functioning. This cognitive aspect, alongside physical traits such as distinct facial features and potential health issues, is a hallmark of the syndrome.

Although the chromosome anomaly represents the underlying cause, the specific manifestation concerning intellectual disability is central to understanding the challenges associated with Down syndrome. Thus, the linkage to cognitive function becomes a key characteristic that significantly influences the educational and support needs of individuals with this condition.